Types, Causes & Symptoms of Anemia in Dogs

Anemia in dogs is a serious condition that can be caused by a number of underlying health issues. In this blog, our vets in Maury County explain the different types of anemia seen in dogs, their symptoms, and how they can be treated.

What is anemia in dogs?

Anemia in dogs occurs when the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin concentration in the blood decreases. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues, and hemoglobin is the protein within red blood cells that binds to oxygen. A shortage of these crucial components can result in inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues throughout the body, leading to various health problems.

Types of Anemia Seen in Dogs

Blood Loss Anemia

Blood loss anemia occurs when your dog has experienced severe loss of blood due to an injury, surgery, or a bleeding disorder. This form of anemia could also be caused by internal bleeding due to cancer, ulcers, parasites, or other health conditions.

Hemolytic Anemia

Hemolytic anemia is caused by the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells in your dog's body. This form of anemia is often the result of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), or non-immune mediated anemia caused by a hereditary disease, parasites, toxins, or low phosphorous levels.

Aplastic or Non-Regenerative Anemia

Aplastic or non-regenerative anemia develops in dogs due to insufficient production of red blood cells. This form of anemia can occur due to toxin exposure, bone marrow disease, kidney disease, certain medications, chemotherapy drugs, or parvovirus.

Methemoglobinemia

Methemoglobinemia in dogs is caused by too much methemoglobin in the blood due to certain genetic disorders or exposure to toxins, including several medications meant for human use only, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, or benzocaine.

Signs That Your Dog May Be Anemic

If your dog is experiencing anemia, you may observe one or more of these symptoms. The particular symptoms of anemia will vary, depending on the underlying cause of your dog's condition.

Causes of Anemia in Dogs

There are several conditions that can lead to anemia in your dog.

Can anemia in dogs be cured?

The outlook for anemic dogs depends on the underlying cause and how promptly treatment is initiated. In many cases, anemia can be managed effectively with appropriate veterinary care. Treatment strategies may include addressing the underlying cause, blood transfusions to replenish red blood cells, supportive care to manage symptoms, and dietary changes to correct nutritional deficiencies.

Is anemia painful for dogs?

While anemia itself may not directly cause pain, the underlying conditions contributing to anemia can be uncomfortable or painful for dogs. For example, if an underlying infection or inflammatory condition causes anemia, the associated symptoms, such as fever or joint pain, can cause discomfort.

Can dogs die from anemia?

Severe or untreated anemia can indeed be life-threatening for dogs. Without an adequate supply of oxygen to vital organs, dogs can experience organ damage or failure, leading to death in severe cases. It underscores the importance of early detection and intervention when managing anemia in dogs.

Treatment for Dogs with Anemia

If your dog is diagnosed with anemia, the treatment recommended by your vet will depend on the underlying cause of the condition. Some of the treatments that may be recommended include:

The prognosis for dogs with anemia depends on the availability of effective treatment for the underlying illness. Anemia can indicate that your dog is suffering from a very serious or possibly fatal condition, such as poisoning, cancer, or an autoimmune condition. If your dog shows any signs of anemia, contact your veterinarian as soon as possible to book an examination.

Preventing Anemia in Dogs

It is important to prevent the conditions that can cause anemia in your dog. One way to help is to use year-round parasite prevention medications to protect your dog against ticks, fleas, and worms. Keeping toxic substances such as human medications and foods out of your dog's reach and providing a healthy diet can also help prevent anemia.

For breeds susceptible to anemia, such as Shih Tzus, Labrador Retrievers, Miniature Schnauzers, and American Cocker Spaniels, regular wellness examinations at your primary care veterinarian twice yearly can help detect signs of anemia early and provide treatment before the condition becomes more severe.

Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.

Is your dog displaying symptoms of anemia? Contact our vets in Maury County today to book an examination.